Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 刖

Modern (Beijing) reading: yuè

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)ot

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ(h)wat

Western Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wat

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ(h)wat

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wat

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wǝt

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋ(h)wǝt

Middle Chinese: ŋwǝt

English meaning : to cut off, amputate

Russian meaning[s]: отрубать ноги (наказание в древности)

Comments: Also read *ŋ(h)ūt, MC ŋot (FQ 五忽), *ŋ(h)rōt, MC ŋwạt (FQ 五刮) id.

Radical: 18

Four-angle index: 2843

Karlgren code: 0306 h-j

Go-on: goti

Kan-on: guwetu

Japanese reading: getsu;gochi;ashikiru

Character: 劣

Modern (Beijing) reading: liè

Preclassic Old Chinese: rhot

Classic Old Chinese: rhwat

Western Han Chinese: rhwat

Eastern Han Chinese: rhwat

Early Postclassic Chinese: lhwet

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lhwet

Late Postclassic Chinese: lhwet

Middle Chinese: lwet

English meaning : weak, inferior, to deteriorate [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: слабый, недостаточный; плохой, дурной, низкий; порок; дефект; брак

Comments: In Viet. cf. also synonymous words: sút, só't; standard Sino-Viet. is liệt. For *rh cf. Xiamen luat⁷, Chaozhou luek⁷, Fuzhou luok⁷, Jianou lüɛ⁷, Meixian lɔt⁷.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 19

Four-angle index: 4749

Vietnamese reading: sụt

Character: 匈

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiōng

Preclassic Old Chinese: sŋoŋ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Western Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋ̥oŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hoŋ

Middle Chinese: xöuŋ

English meaning : breast [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) грудь, вм. 胸; 2) сокр. Венгрия

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *sŋoŋ 'to shout, bawl'.

Radical: 20

Four-angle index: 4301

Karlgren code: 1183 d

Character: 匡

Modern (Beijing) reading: kuāng

Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷaŋ

Classic Old Chinese: khwaŋ

Western Han Chinese: khwaŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: khwaŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: khwaŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwaŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: khwaŋ

Middle Chinese: khwaŋ

English meaning : to straighten out, assist

Russian meaning[s]: 1) исправлять; приводить в порядок; 2) помогать; спасать; 3) Куан (фамилия)

Comments: = 筐.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 22

Four-angle index: 765

Karlgren code: 0739 m

Character: 匠

Modern (Beijing) reading: jiàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒhaŋs (~ ʒ́-)

Classic Old Chinese: ʒhaŋh

Western Han Chinese: ʒhaŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒhjaŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒhjàŋ

Middle Chinese: ʒjàŋ

English meaning : carpenter, master, skilful [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мастер; мастеровой, ремесленник; 2) окончание слов, означающих разные ремесленные специальности; 3) навык, ловкость, уменье, мастерство

Comments: For aspiration cf. Min forms: Xiamen chĩũ⁶, Chaozhou chĩẽ⁶, Fuzhou chioŋ⁵.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 22

Four-angle index: 793

Karlgren code: 0729 a

Jianchuan Bai: -ćõ2

Dali Bai: -ćo3

Bijiang Bai: -ća4

Character: 印

Modern (Beijing) reading: yìn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔins

Classic Old Chinese: ʔinh

Western Han Chinese: ʔjǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔjǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔjìn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔjìn

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔjìn

Middle Chinese: ʔjìn

English meaning : to press; seal [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) печать; оттиск; ставить печать; делать отпечаток (оттиск); 2) печатать; печатный; типографский; 3) отпечаток, след (напр. ноги); оставить отпечаток; запечатлеть(ся); 4) сокр. Индия; индийский; 5) подавать весть; перекликаться; соединяться; 6) Инь (фамилия)

Comments: Also borrowed in Viet. as in 'to print, impress', as well as nhấn, nhận 'to press' (with a frequently occurring nasal assimilation).

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 26

Four-angle index: 2089

Vietnamese reading: ấn

Character: 危

Modern (Beijing) reading: wéi

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋoj

Classic Old Chinese: ŋwaj

Western Han Chinese: ŋwaj

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋwe

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋwe

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋwe

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋwe

Middle Chinese: ŋwe

English meaning : dangerous, perilous

Russian meaning[s]: 1) опасный; быть в опасности; ставить в опасное положение; вредить; 2) бояться; быть осторожным; 3) высокий; обрывистый; 4) прямой, правильный; 5) злокозненный, хитрый; 6) стропила, верхние жерди; 7) Вэй (название созвездия); 8) Вэй (фамилия)

Comments: Absent from Schüssler's dictionary, although attested in Yijing (also in Shujing as a constellation name). For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen gui², Chaozhou, Fuzhou ŋui², Jianou ŋü⁹.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 26

Four-angle index: 7058

Karlgren code: 0029 a

Vietnamese reading: ny

Character: 吉

Modern (Beijing) reading: jí

Preclassic Old Chinese: kit

Classic Old Chinese: kit

Western Han Chinese: kjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: kjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: kjit

Middle Chinese: kjit

Fanqie: 基一

Rhyme class: 質

English meaning : be auspicious, lucky, positive

Russian meaning[s]: 1) счастливый, благоприятный; сулящий счастье; счастливый день; праздничный; 2) свадьба; брачный; 3) хороший, добродетельный; 4) сокр. Гирин (город и провинция)

Shuowen gloss: 善也. 從士口.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1191

Karlgren code: 0393 a-h

Shijing occurrences: 20.1_, 23.1, 50.2

Character: 吏

Modern (Beijing) reading: lì

Preclassic Old Chinese: rǝʔs

Classic Old Chinese: rǝh

Western Han Chinese: rǝh

Eastern Han Chinese: rǝh

Early Postclassic Chinese: lɨ̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: lɨ̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: lɨ̀

Middle Chinese: lɨ̀

English meaning : an official

Russian meaning[s]: 1) мелкий чиновник, служащий; древн. делопроизводитель, писец; 2) Ли (фамилия)

Comments: For *r cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou li⁶, Chaozhou li⁴.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 6421

Karlgren code: 0975 g-j

Character: 同

Modern (Beijing) reading: tóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łōŋ

Western Han Chinese: lōŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lōŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dōŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dwōŋ

Middle Chinese: duŋ

English meaning : to be the same, join, unite

Russian meaning[s]: 1) один и тот же; такой же; идентичный, одинаковый, общий; совпадать, быть общим; аналогичный; 2) вместе, сообща; вместе с..., с; 3) быть вместе; делить, разделять; 4) Тун (фамилия)

Comments: For OC *Ł- cf. Min forms: Xiamen, Chaozhou taŋ², Fuzhou töüŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3778

Karlgren code: 1176 a-c

Go-on: duu

Kan-on: tou

Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 35.1, 37.3_, 41.1, 41.2, 41.3

Character: 吊

Modern (Beijing) reading: diào

Russian meaning[s]: 1) 1000 чохов; связка медных монет; 100 медных монет (около 30 фэнь 分); 2) вм. 弔

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3876

Character: 吐

Modern (Beijing) reading: tǔ

Preclassic Old Chinese: thāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: thā́

Western Han Chinese: thā́

Eastern Han Chinese: thā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: thṓ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thṓ

Late Postclassic Chinese: thṓ

Middle Chinese: thó

English meaning : to spit out

Russian meaning[s]: 1) выплюнуть, плюнуть; 2) выложить, рассказать все начистоту; 3) выпустить (изо рта); отбросить; 4) слова; [tù] рвота; рвать; тошнить

Comments: Also read *thāʔ-s, MC thò, Pek. tù id.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 145

Karlgren code: 0062 d

Character: 吁

Modern (Beijing) reading: xū yū

Preclassic Old Chinese: swa

Classic Old Chinese: w̥a

Western Han Chinese: w̥a

Eastern Han Chinese: hjwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: hjwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hjwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: hjwo

Middle Chinese: xü

English meaning : be pained; alas, oh!

Russian meaning[s]: 1) ах, ох, увы! (междометие); вздыхать; вздох; 2) печалиться

Shuowen gloss: 驚也.從口.于聲.

Comments: Also read *w(h)a-s, MC ɦǜ (FQ 王遇), Go, Kan u id. The word is frequently written as 盱 or 于 in the classics.

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3236

Karlgren code: 0097 t

Go-on: ku

Kan-on: ku

Japanese reading: u;ku;aa

Shijing occurrences: 3.4_

Character: 各

Modern (Beijing) reading: gè

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāk

Classic Old Chinese: kāk

Western Han Chinese: kāk

Eastern Han Chinese: kāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: kāk

Middle Chinese: kâk

English meaning : each

Russian meaning[s]: 1) каждый, всякий; все; 2) перед существительным служит показателем множественного числа

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1382

Karlgren code: 0766 a-c

Vietnamese reading: các

Shijing occurrences: 54.3

Character: 向

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: haŋs

Classic Old Chinese: haŋh

Western Han Chinese: haŋh

Eastern Han Chinese: haŋh

Early Postclassic Chinese: hàŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: hàŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: hàŋ

Middle Chinese: xàŋ

English meaning : to face, turn to, approach; direction, side

Russian meaning[s]: 1) повернуться к...; в направлении; быть обращенным к...; в направлении, к; от; у; 2) прежде, ранее; до сих пор, дотоле; 3) склоняться в (чью-л.) пользу, быть на (чьей-л.) стороне, питать пристрастие к...; 4) стремление, цель; устремленность, чаяние; 5) близко к...; 6) если бы...; 7) Сян (фамилия)

Comments: Frequently written as 鄉 in E.Zhou.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 3841

Karlgren code: 0715 a-d

Vietnamese reading: hu'ó'ng

Character: 名

Modern (Beijing) reading: míng

Preclassic Old Chinese: mheŋ

Classic Old Chinese: mheŋ

Western Han Chinese: mheŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: mhjeŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: mhjeŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: mhjeŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: mhjeŋ

Middle Chinese: mjeŋ

English meaning : to name; name; inscription

Russian meaning[s]: 1) название; называть; номенклатура; номинальный; имя; именоваться; 2) слава, известность; известный, знаменитый; репутация, доброе имя; почетный; 3) имя существительное; 4) счетный суффикс для людей

Comments: Voiceless *mh- is indicated by Shaowu miaŋ⁷.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1340

Karlgren code: 0826 a-c

Vietnamese reading: danh

Jianchuan Bai: miɛ4

Dali Bai: mer5

Bijiang Bai: ńo4

Character: 合

Modern (Beijing) reading: hé

Preclassic Old Chinese: gǝ̄p

Classic Old Chinese: gǝ̄p

Western Han Chinese: gǝ̄p

Eastern Han Chinese: gǝ̄p

Early Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄p

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄p

Late Postclassic Chinese: gǝ̄p

Middle Chinese: ɣʌp

English meaning : be together, joined, harmonious; to put together, match

Comments: Also read *kǝ̄p, MC kʌp (FQ 古沓), Pek. gé id. The meaning 'to close' (as in hé-kou 合口 'close the mouth') is also archaic and probably reflected in Viet. colloquial cụp (the literary Sino-Viet. reading is họ'p). Cf. other Viet. colloquial readings (possibly from the same source - but cf. also PAA *gap 'join' which may be ultimately related): góp 'to collect, contribute, concentrate)' (but for the latter cf. also 給 *kǝp q.v.), hạp 'to suit, to agree', họp 'to meet, gather, assemble'. For OC *g- cf. Xiamen kaʔ8.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0675 a-d

Go-on: gofu

Kan-on: kafu

Japanese reading: gō;au;awasu;awaseru

Vietnamese reading: cụp

Character: 吃

Modern (Beijing) reading: chī

Preclassic Old Chinese: kǝt

Classic Old Chinese: kǝt

Western Han Chinese: kǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: kǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: kɨt

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kɨt

Late Postclassic Chinese: kɨt

Middle Chinese: kɨt

English meaning : speak with difficulty, stutter [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) есть; пить; 2) курить; 3) подвергаться, переносить; терпеть; 4) выносить, выдерживать; 5) нести (ответственность); 6) тратить, расходовать; 7) существовать за счет (кого-л.); кормиться (чем-л.); 8) быть податливым на (уговоры); 9) обманывать, мошенничать; 10) иметь осадку (о судне); 11) заслонять, отгораживать (напр. о стене); 12) к счастью; благодаря

Comments: Since MC used for a word (of unclear origin) khjek / ćhek (mod. chī) 'to eat'.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7784

Karlgren code: 0517 g

Character: 后

Modern (Beijing) reading: hòu

Preclassic Old Chinese: ghōʔ ghōʔs

Classic Old Chinese: ghṓ

Western Han Chinese: ɣwā́

Eastern Han Chinese: ɣwā́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ɣṓw

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄̀w

Late Postclassic Chinese: ɣǝ̄̀w

Middle Chinese: ɣʌ́w ɣʌ̀w

Fanqie: 菏藕

Rhyme class: 宥, 有

English meaning : prince, sovereign, a major lord

Russian meaning[s]: 1) государь, правитель; императрица; 2) после, затем, вм. 後

Shuowen gloss: 繼體君也. 象人之形. 施令. 以告四方. 故厂之. 從一口. 發號者. 君后也. 凡后之屬皆從后.

Comments: Also read *ghōʔ-s, MC ɣл̀w id. For *gh- cf. Xiamen au⁶, Chaozhou au⁴.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 1135

Karlgren code: 0112 a-b

Vietnamese reading: hậu

Character: 吆

Modern (Beijing) reading: yāo

Russian meaning[s]: 1) зазывать (покупателей), выкрикивать (товар); 2) прикрикнуть, накричать

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 8682